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Magnetron Technological Data

MO components are used in industries where microwave heating is used.

Magnetron

There are two types of Magnetron that pulse Magnetron and continuous wave Magnetron. Pulse magnetron is mainly used in radar and continuous magnetron is used in each kind of heater and microwave medical instrument as well as Microwave oven. As the use of microwave in industry, the interest for continuous wave Magnetron becomes increase, and its application is to be various more and more.
Magnetron is structured with combining electric field and magnetic field, and generates 2.4GHz of microwave by spinning the electron under vacuum. Microwave oven, currently used in home, is separated to tungsten filament for emitting microwave (containing thorium) and cathode supporter which supporting this filament. Since filament and cathode supporter are operated in high temperature, it is used that the high purity Mo (Molybdenum) with high m.p under the vacuum condition. Though it may be a little changed the dimension and material by Magnetron manufacturer, but it commonly separated as follows.
They support the high frequency emitting filament in both sides of up and down that the Upper End Shield and Lower End Shield. Refer to the below homepage to see more detailed properties, dimension, and materials of Magnetron.

Mo

The 6th group elements of Cr-group in periodic table. The name is originated from the molybdenite of the ore MoS2. In ancient Greek, molybdos meant lead, especially, a galena out of lead ore was called to mo lybdenum, in latter, black lead and Molybdenite were included in this category of molybdenum. But when Swedish scientist K.W. Scheele found molybdenum at 1778, these were separated into other materials and Molybdenite has been called to as is
  • - Elementary Symbol : Mo
  • - Electronegativity, Pauling : 2.16
  • - Atomic Number : 42
  • - State at RT : Solid, Metal
  • - Atomic Weight : 95.94
  • - Melting Poin(℃) : 2662±10
  • - Oxidation States : 2,3,4,5,6
  • - Boiling Point(℃) : 4800
Mo Existence
It exists relatively wide extents in the earth but its amount is not so much. Its Clarkes No. is 0.0013(the 42nd), contained in earth's crust as the same amount of lead, and main ore is Molybdenite. It is a biophile element, so it is always contained in animal and plant though it is little amount, as well as sea. Main producing center is US, occupies about 70% of the world production, and 2/3 of it are produced from Climax Mine of CO. It is also produced in Canada·Russia·Chile·China·Austrailia.
Mo Properties
Reduced one is gray powder, and sintered or melted one is polished silver-white metal. It has electric conductivity and ductility, and possible to casting and rolling. It has been known the metal with high melting point together with tungsten, similar to carbon in high temperature since its vapor pressure is low, and also possible to forg ing. It has very strong mechanical power in all temperature from ultimately low to high temperature through RT. Electronic conductivity is 34% of that of silver, and react with oxygen, chloride, bromine, carbon, silicon, and iodine in high temperature. More over it composes the fluoride with fluorine in low temperature. Atomic value for chemical is 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and 6th is most stable out of them. It is not dissolved in hydrochloric acid and weak sulphuric acid but dissolved in strong sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and aqua regia, furthermore it vigorously dissolved in the mixture of hydrogen fluoride and sulphuric aacid.
Hydrochloric Acid hcl=36:47
  • - Morphology : colorless or slightly yellowish incendive liquid
  • - Density (HCI 35%) : 1.16(20℃)
  • - Morphology : colorless liquid
  • - Odor : stimulus
  • - Acidity(PH) : 101(0.1 solution)
  • - Solubility : completely soluble
  • - B.P / Boiling range: 385℉(196℃)
  • - Density : 1.16(35%)
  • - Vapor density : 1.3
  • - M.W : 36.5
NITRIC ACID H2SO4
  • - Morphology : colorless, breathless Odorant liquid
  • - Density : 1.5027(25℃)
  • - B.P : 181℉(83℃)
  • - M.P : -44℉(-42℃)
  • - Solubility : soluble to water and ether
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4=98.09
  • - Morphology : odorless clear light yellowish liquid
  • - Density(H₂SO₄: 98%) : 1.84
  • - B.P : 626℉(330℃)
  • - M.P : 50℉(10℃)
  • - Solubility : analyzed to sulfur trioxide and water in 340℃ alcohol
  • - Morphology : odorless clear light yellowish liquid, converted to sour dark brown absorptive oily liquid in purifying
  • - M.W : 98.07
  • - Molecular formula : H₂SO₄
Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
The highest B.P out of hydrogen halide.
Weak acid by dissolving in water
It melts the glass by reacting with main component of glass quarts (SiO2), so it is used in making semiconductor circuit. Storage in lead or polyethylene bottle

Sintering

Sintering is, a heat treatment to get the physical and mechanical properties required in powder compact by making chemical bonding composed by 1st binding strength between elements through heating compressed/uncompressed powder compact under the temperature below M.P of main metal element, which is only maintained by weak binding strength or contact.
There are two sintering methods of liquid phase sintering and solid phase sintering. Solid phase sintering is a one to induce the binding between powder by heat treatment in temperature below m.p of powder, and liquid phase sintering indicates when one or more components form the liquid phase within sintering body in multi-elements system. It is produced by liquid phase sinter ing that the each kind of ceramic manufactures as well ultra hard metal, hard metal, and some of densely casting components. In this experiment, it has been studied about solid phase sintering.
  • The general steps for sintering are as follows:
  • (1) Initial binding between particles,
  • (2) Growth of contact neck,
  • (3) Close of pore-channel,
  • (4) Globalization of pore,
  • (5) Pore contraction and termination (or densification),
  • (6) Pore Coarsening.
Sintering of nickel powder, the initial contact point (in A) is extended for enlarging the contact surface (B and C) during heating material with 1100℃. (pore is contracted in reverse direction.) Powder particles are closely attached and the area of surface is decreased.
  • Initial binding of particle : The binding between particles are converted to chemical or metallic atomic binding by extrusion.
  • Growth of contact neck : The contact part which bound in 1st step is called to neck, and in this step, the contact surface is extended by the movement of elements around this neck.
  • Close of pore channel : This stage is to give the most change in spatial property of pore in sintering body. It creates isolated pore by closing pore channel which used to be connected between particles.
  • Globalization of pore : The globalization of pore is natural result from the growth of neck, and this is for the minimization of surface energy.
  • Contraction and termination of pore (Densification) :In this step, pore is disappeared or contracted by the movement of materials into the pore.
  • Coarsening of Pore : This is the final stage of sintering, forming larger pore by contracting or disappearing of small and isolated pores.
The main driving force for the above sintering reaction is the decrease of free energy by the decrease of total surface area of powder compact in resulting from the growth of particle or the contraction of pore.